Standard Deviation Calculation
P chart:
- P= percent or rate
- N= number of trails
C chart:
- X= the average
Upper and Lower Limit Calculation
X-bar Chart
- Lower Control Limit = (Mean – 3×sigma) ÷ n(1/2)
- Center Line = Process mean
- Upper Control Limit = (Mean + 3×sigma) ÷ n(1/2)
R-bar chart
- Lower Control Limit = R-bar – 3×d3×sigma
- Center Line = R-bar
- Upper Control Limit = R-Bar + 3×d3×sigma
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